
Previously IP addresses were of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, e.g. 196.168.0.1 or 10.0.0.1 - In each of these four sections, there are 2
8 possibilities, that is 256. Everything from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. This gives a total of 2
32 possible IPv4 addresses (approximately 4.3 billion addresses).
So, we use the internet too much and we've used up all 4.3 billion addresses. Hence, the introduction of IPv6, which consists of many more.
IPv6 addresses are written in 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits, for example
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 (from wikipedia). Each hexadecimal digit can be one of the numbers 0 to 9 or the letters a, b, c, d, e, f, which gives 16 options or 2
4 options. This means that each set or 4 can have (2
4)
4 = 2
16 with 8 groups this is (2
16)
8 = 2
128 which is about 3.4 × 10
38 individual addresses. More than enough to last us the next few years!